ZiziTshintsha Njani iziThuthi zikaLoliwe zoMbane?

Abstract

Izitimela zombaneziye zaba ngundoqo ekuguquleni uthutho lukaloliwe kwihlabathi liphela ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kwazo, iinzuzo zokusingqongileyo, kunye nokuguquguquka kuthungelwano lukaloliwe oluninzi. Eli nqaku liphonononga iinkcukacha zobugcisa, imigaqo yokusebenza, imibuzo eqhelekileyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweshishini leenjini zombane, ukubonelela ngolwazi olunzulu kwiingcali kunye nabanomdla ngokufanayo. Ugxininiso lubekwe kwiiparamitha zethekhinoloji, usetyenziso olusebenzayo, kunye neendlela ezivelayo kwicandelo lokuhamba ngombane.

Isiqulatho

• Intshayelelo: Isishwankathelo seeLocomotives zoMbane
• I-Node 1: IiNgcaciso ezingundoqo zobuGcisa
• I-Node 2: Izicelo kunye neeNgcaciso zokuSebenza
• I-Node 3: Imibuzo eqhelekileyo malunga neeLocomotives zoMbane
• Inqaku lesi-4: Imbonakalo yoShishino kunye noDityaniso lweBrand yeLano

Intshayelelo: Isishwankathelo seeLocomotives zoMbane

Izitimela zombane zizithuthi zikaloliwe eziqhutywa ngokupheleleyo ngumbane otsalwa kwiintambo ezihamba phezulu okanye kwiintsimbi yesithathu. Ngokungafaniyo neenjini zedizili, ezi locomotives ziphelisa ukutsha kwepetroli ngokuthe ngqo, nto leyo evumela ukuba kusebenze ukusebenza kakuhle kokusingqongileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla aphezulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa zombini iinkonzo zokuthutha kunye nabakhweli, zibonelela ngokusebenza okufanayo kwimigama emide kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse.

Eli nqaku ligxininise ekuqondeni imigaqo engundoqo yee-locomotives zombane, ukuphonononga iinkcukacha zazo, iindlela zokusebenza, kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchule. Ukongeza, abafundi baya kufumana ukuqonda kwimibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo, ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo, kunye neendlela zentengiso ezinxulumene neenkqubo zikaloliwe zombane.

I-Node 1: IiNgcaciso ezingundoqo zobuGcisa

Ukusebenza kobugcisa kwezitimela zombane kumisela amandla azo okusebenza kunye nokufaneleka kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kaloliwe. Apha ngezantsi sisishwankathelo esibanzi seeparamitha ezingundoqo kwizitimela zombane eziqhelekileyo zombane:

I-Node 2: Izicelo kunye neeNgcaciso zokuSebenza

Izitimela zombane zineenguqu ezininzi kwizicelo zazo, ukusuka koololiwe abahamba ngesantya esiphezulu ukuya kwiinkonzo zomthwalo onzima. Iinzuzo eziphambili zokusebenza ziquka:

• Ukusebenza okuphezulu:Iinkqubo zokutsalwa kombane ziguqula ukuya kuthi ga kwi-95% yamandla okufaka intshukumo.
• Uzinzo lokusiNgqongileyo:Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweCO2 xa kuthelekiswa nezitimela zedizili.
• Ukuthembeka kokuSebenza:Unikezelo lwamandla oluqhubekayo luvumela ukukhawulezisa okuhambelanayo kunye nokugcinwa kwesantya.
• Udibaniso lweNethiwekhi:Iyahambelana nemigca engundoqo efakelwe umbane, imizila kaloliwe yasezidolophini, kunye neepaseji zamazwe ngamazwe.

Izitimela zombane ziya zisasazwa kumazwe agxininisa amalinge othutho oluhlaza. Abaqhubi bakaloliwe basebenzisa isoftware yokucwangcisa ephucukileyo kunye nokubeka iliso ngexesha lokwenyani ukuze kuphuculwe ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza.

I-Node 3: Imibuzo eqhelekileyo malunga neeLocomotives zoMbane

I-Q1: Ii-locomotives zombane ziwatsala njani amandla kwimigca ephezulu okanye kwiireyili zesithathu?

I-A1: Iinqwelo zombane zombane zisebenzisa iipantographs okanye iigiya zesihlangu ukudibanisa ngokwenyama kwimigca ephezulu okanye iileyili zesithathu. I-pantograph igcina uqhagamshelwano oluqhubekayo kunye nocingo lwe-catenary, ngelixa i-onboard transformers iguqulela i-AC ephezulu ye-voltage kumandla asebenzisekayo kwiinjini zokutsala. Olu luyilo luvumela ukusebenza okungaguqukiyo kwisantya esiphezulu ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kumafutha ebhodi.

I-Q2: Uthini umahluko phakathi kweenjini zombane ze-AC kunye ne-DC?

I-A2: Izitimela ze-AC zisebenzisa umsinga otshintshayo, amaxesha amaninzi ukusuka kwimigca ye-catenary ephezulu, evumela ukuhanjiswa okusebenzayo kumgama omde kunye nelahleko encinci. Izitishi ze-DC zisebenza kumbane othe ngqo ukusuka koololiwe besithathu okanye izitishi ezincinci kwaye ziqhele ukusetyenziselwa uthungelwano lwasezidolophini okanye lwemetro. Iisistim ze-AC zivumela isantya esiphezulu kunye neendleko zolondolozo ezisezantsi, ngelixa iinkqubo ze-DC zilula kwaye zifaneleke ngakumbi, iindlela ezimfutshane, ezixineneyo zasedolophini.

I-Q3: I-regenerative braking iphunyezwa njani kwii-locomotives zombane?

I-A3: Ukunyanyiswa kwe-regenerative kuvumela ii-locomotives zombane ukuba ziguqule amandla e-kinetic abuyele kumandla ombane ngexesha lokunciphisa. La mandla anokubuyiselwa kwigridi okanye asetyenziselwe ukunika amandla iinkqubo zebhodi, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokunxitywa kweziqhoboshi zoomatshini. Luphawu olubalulekileyo kuzinzo nokusebenza kakuhle, ngakumbi kwiindlela ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu nezinzima.

Inqaku lesi-4: Imbonakalo yoShishino kunye noDityaniso lweBrand yeLano

Ishishini le-locomotive yombane lilungele ukukhula okuqhubekayo ngenxa yogxininiso lwehlabathi kwizothutho ezikhutshwa kancinci kunye nezisombululo zokushukuma ezidolophini. Izinto ezintsha ezifana ne-hybrid-electric systems, ulondolozo oluqikelelwayo, kunye nolawulo lwetrafikhi olunikwe i-AI luchaza kwakhona imigangatho yokusebenza.

Lano, umenzi ohamba phambili kwicandelo likaloliwe lombane, udibanisa iimotor traction eziphambili ze-AC, iinkqubo zokuvuselela iziqhoboshi, kunye nolwakhiwo lolawulo lweemodyuli kwipotfoliyo yelocomotive yombane. Ezi zisombululo zibonelela kuzo zombini izicelo zothutho kunye nabakhweli, zibonelela ngentsebenzo egqwesileyo kuthungelwano lukaloliwe olwahlukeneyo.

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nezisombululo zeLocomotive zombane zeLano, ukubonisana okuneenkcukacha zobugcisa, okanye imibuzo yeprojekthi, ncedaQhagamshelana nathi.